![]() There are not reliable sensors available for solid biofuels and biomass in fluidized beds. AM and FM sensors are compared in order to optimize SNR. The statistical presentation is similar to optical sensors analysis, due to sensors and field geometry. The needs for calibration are high lighted, the processing systems, the resolution, their range, aliasing, drift due to flow dirt deposition, SNR, no moving parts wear, etc. We compare available capacitance sensors such as ring, multiple rings, unipolar, bipolar, etc for different flow conditions, flow profiles and present their advantages and disadvantages. ![]() In this paper we present a method for spatial flow measurement and particle size distribution, low cost, robust in noise and fluid conditions. They are used in burners optimization (mass and heat transfer), safety and on line supply, radial and axial particle distribution, nebulizers, void, agglomeration, air, mixing ratio management, etc. ![]() The most reliable, low cost and robust sensors applied are the electrostatic sensors. The flow and particle size and distribution measurement of multiphase fluids on line and real time, is a vital parameter in quality control of modern industrial processes. This suggests that the Mn oxides accumulated relatively slowly, which is consistent with deposition away from the centers of hydrothermal discharge. The higher concentrations of Cu, Ni, Co and Zn, compared to the modern metalliferous ocean formations are attributed to the hydrogenous imput of these trace metals. The high Mn/Fe ratios of the mineralization (17-22) compared to that of the associated lithologies (0,01-0,35) denote that the fractionation of Mn and Fe occurred before of their precipitation. Hence, the Grevena area Mn-mineralization which is spatially associated with the Pindos ophiolites, originated along sea-floor spreading centers within the Neo-Tethtys Ocean. Chemically, the studied Mn-mineralization and associated lithologies are very similar to those formed by submarine effusive and hydrothermal processes in modern oceans. Manganite, locally replaced by pyrolusite, microcrystalline quartz and chalcedony are the main mineral constituents. The mineralization is either massive within the cherts or forming small pockets, and disseminated in the calcschists forming nodules (up to 3 cm) or concretions (<1cm). Macedonia, manganese oxide mineralization was found hosted within a shale-chert formation (radiolarian cherts – calcschists) overlying spilitized diabases of the Pindos ophiolite complex.
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